This study is an examination of the impacts of urban form, architectural elements, microclimate, and the surrounding natural environment on the microscopic surface temperature of buildings, a major cause of urban heat island effect in summer. It applies urban form and tissue, major elements of the built environment, and green areas, a key component of the natural environment, as basic factors and microclimate as an interest variable. For this purpose, the surrounding temperatures of selected buildings in Seoul within a 500m radius of the 23 Automated Weather Stations (AWS), measurement points selected by the Meteorological Office, in August of 2017 were analyzed. The study employed hierarchical regression analysis using ordinary least squares (OLS). The results show that urban form and tissue mostly demonstrate a relationship with the microscopic surface temperature of buildings, as opposed to building form variables. It is also found that microclimatic elements such as temperature, wind speed, and humidity are relevant to microscopic surface temperature. This study is meaningful in that it sheds new light on the role of urban planning in reducing the urban heat island effect.